Colostrum is the first form of milk produced by mammals immediately after giving birth, containing high concentrations of growth factors, immunoglobulins, and proteins that support newborn development. Bovine colostrum (from cows) has been used topically in traditional medicine for wound healing and is now appearing in modern skincare formulations for its potential anti-aging properties. Research shows colostrum contains insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), all of which can stimulate fibroblast activity and potentially increase collagen production when applied to skin.
The scientific basis for colostrum in skincare exists, but the quality of sourcing and concentration of active components varies significantly between products.
What is Colostrum
Colostrum is produced by all mammals in the first 24-72 hours after birth. It differs dramatically from regular milk in composition and purpose. Where milk provides nutrition, colostrum provides immune protection and growth signals for the newborn.
Bovine colostrum (from cows) is what's used in skincare products. Cows produce substantially more colostrum than their calves need, making it available for collection without compromising calf health when sourced properly.
Key Differences Between Colostrum and Milk:
| Component | Colostrum | Regular Milk |
| Protein content | 15-20% | 3-4% |
| Immunoglobulins | 6-8% | <0.1% |
| Growth factors | High concentration | Minimal |
| Fat content | 2-5% | 3-4% |
| Lactose | 2-3% | 4-5% |
| Color/consistency | Thick, yellowish | Thin, white |
The thick, concentrated nature of colostrum comes from its high protein and growth factor content. These components give colostrum its potential skincare benefits.
Collection Timing Matters
True colostrum must be collected within the first milking after birth. Subsequent milkings contain transitional milk with decreasing concentrations of beneficial components. Products labeled "colostrum" should specify collection timing. First milking colostrum contains the highest concentrations of growth factors and immunoglobulins.
The History of Colostrum in Traditional Skincare
Colostrum use for skin dates back thousands of years across multiple cultures.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Egyptian medical texts reference colostrum applications for wounds and skin conditions. The Ebers Papyrus (circa 1550 BCE), one of the oldest preserved medical documents, mentions colostrum in topical preparations.
Ayurvedic Practices
Traditional Ayurvedic medicine used cow colostrum topically for burns, wounds, and skin inflammation. Practitioners recognized its regenerative properties long before modern science identified the specific components responsible.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Chinese medical texts describe colostrum applications for skin healing and rejuvenation. The focus was on its "strengthening" properties, which align with what we now understand about growth factors.
European Folk Medicine
Rural European communities applied colostrum to cuts, burns, and skin irritations. This wasn't based on scientific understanding but on observed effectiveness passed through generations.
The consistent use across unconnected cultures suggests genuine benefits. When different societies independently arrive at the same practice, it often indicates real efficacy rather than coincidence.
Modern science now explains what these traditional practices observed empirically: colostrum contains compounds that actively support tissue repair and regeneration.
Key Components of Colostrum Relevant to Skincare
Growth Factors
These proteins signal cells to grow, divide, and differentiate. In skin, they affect how quickly cells turn over and how much collagen fibroblasts produce.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1):
- Stimulates fibroblast proliferation
- Increases collagen and elastin synthesis
- Supports keratinocyte (skin cell) growth
- Concentration in colostrum: 200-400 ng/mL
Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β):
- Regulates cell differentiation
- Stimulates extracellular matrix production
- Plays a role in wound healing
- Concentration in colostrum: 50-100 ng/mL
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF):
- Promotes keratinocyte proliferation
- Accelerates wound closure
- Supports barrier function
- Concentration in colostrum: 5-10 ng/mL
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF):
- Stimulates fibroblast and keratinocyte growth
- Supports angiogenesis (blood vessel formation)
- Aids in wound healing
- Concentration in colostrum: 2-5 ng/mL
Immunoglobulins
These antibodies provide immune support. The skin benefits aren't from immune function but from anti-inflammatory effects.
IgG (Immunoglobulin G):
- Most abundant antibody in colostrum (60-80% of total)
- Provides anti-inflammatory signals
- May reduce skin reactivity
IgA (Immunoglobulin A):
- Second most abundant (10-15%)
- Supports mucosal barrier function
- May strengthen skin barrier
Lactoferrin
This iron-binding protein has documented anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Studies show lactoferrin can reduce inflammatory markers in skin cells.
Concentration in colostrum: 1-5 mg/mL (compared to <0.1 mg/mL in regular milk)
Proline-Rich Polypeptides (PRPs)
These small proteins modulate immune responses and have shown anti-inflammatory effects in research. They may help calm reactive or inflamed skin.
Cytokines
Signaling molecules that influence cell behavior. Colostrum contains several cytokines involved in tissue repair and inflammation regulation.
What Research Shows About Colostrum and Skin
Wound Healing Studies
A 2015 study published in the Journal of Wound Care examined topical colostrum application on chronic wounds. Results showed accelerated healing rates compared to standard care alone. The researchers attributed this to growth factor content.
The study found:
- 40% faster epithelialization (new skin cell coverage)
- Reduced inflammation markers
- Improved tissue granulation (new tissue formation)
Photoaging Research
A small 2019 study looked at topical colostrum cream applied to photoaged skin for 12 weeks. Participants showed:
- Modest improvement in fine lines (measured via skin replica analysis)
- Increased skin hydration (measured via corneometer)
- Subjective improvement in skin texture
The study was limited by small sample size (32 participants) and lack of long-term follow-up. Still, it demonstrated measurable changes consistent with colostrum's growth factor content.
Collagen Production Studies
In vitro (laboratory) studies show that growth factors in colostrum can stimulate fibroblast activity. A 2017 study found that fibroblasts exposed to colostrum-derived growth factors increased collagen synthesis by approximately 30% compared to controls.
This doesn't automatically translate to the same effect in living skin, where penetration, stability, and concentration all matter. But it establishes the biological plausibility of colostrum affecting collagen production.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Research on lactoferrin (a component of colostrum) shows clear anti-inflammatory properties. A 2020 study found topical lactoferrin reduced inflammatory cytokines in skin exposed to UV radiation.
Since inflammation accelerates aging and damages collagen, anti-inflammatory effects contribute to overall skin health.
Limitations of Current Research
Most colostrum skincare research consists of:
- Small studies (fewer than 50 participants)
- Short durations (8-12 weeks typically)
- Industry funding (potential bias)
- In vitro studies (not always applicable to real skin)
Larger, longer, independent studies would strengthen the evidence base. The existing research suggests benefit but doesn't definitively prove colostrum is superior to other anti-aging ingredients.
Growth Factors in Colostrum: How They Affect Skin
Understanding how growth factors work helps set realistic expectations for colostrum skincare.
How Growth Factors Function
Growth factors are proteins that bind to receptors on cell surfaces, triggering signaling cascades inside the cell. These signals tell the cell to:
- Divide and multiply (proliferation)
- Differentiate into specialized cell types
- Produce specific proteins (like collagen)
- Migrate to particular locations
- Avoid programmed cell death
In skin, different growth factors target different cell types.
IGF-1 and Fibroblasts
Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid in the dermis (the deeper skin layer). IGF-1 binds to IGF-1 receptors on fibroblasts, activating pathways that increase production of these structural proteins.
The effect is dose-dependent. Higher IGF-1 concentrations produce stronger responses, up to a saturation point. This is why growth factor concentration in skincare products matters significantly.
TGF-β and Extracellular Matrix
TGF-β doesn't just signal individual cells. It regulates the extracellular matrix (the scaffold holding skin cells together). It influences how much collagen gets produced and how it's organized structurally.
Too little TGF-β leads to poor wound healing. Too much can cause excessive scarring. The goal is balanced signaling, which is why naturally occurring growth factor ratios (like those in colostrum) may be beneficial.
EGF and Skin Cell Turnover
EGF primarily affects keratinocytes (skin surface cells). It speeds their proliferation and movement, which is why it's so effective for wound closure. For anti-aging, this translates to better cell turnover and improved surface texture.
Penetration Questions
Growth factors are large proteins (10,000-30,000 daltons molecular weight). The stratum corneum (outermost skin layer) generally doesn't allow molecules larger than 500 daltons to penetrate easily.
This raises legitimate questions about how much topically applied growth factors actually reach target cells. Possible explanations for observed effects:
- Some growth factors bind to receptors on surface keratinocytes, triggering signaling cascades that affect deeper layers
- Growth factors in formulations designed to enhance penetration may cross the barrier more effectively
- Compromised barriers (common in aging or sun-damaged skin) allow more penetration
- Even surface-level effects on keratinocyte turnover provide visible benefits
Research hasn't definitively answered the penetration question. The fact that studies show measurable effects suggests at least some mechanism is working.
Colostrum vs Common Anti-Aging Ingredients
| Factor | Colostrum | Retinol | Vitamin C | Peptides |
| Active Components | Multiple growth factors, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin | Vitamin A derivative | Ascorbic acid |
Amino acid chains |
| Primary Mechanism | Stimulates cell proliferation and collagen synthesis | Increases cell turnover, stimulates collagen | Antioxidant, collagen cofactor | Signal cells to produce collagen |
| Research Backing | Moderate (small studies) | Extensive (decades of research) | Extensive (decades of research) | Moderate (growing body of work) |
| Penetration | Limited (large molecules) | Good (small molecule) | Variable (formulation dependent) | Limited to moderate |
| Irritation Potential | Low | Moderate to high | Low to moderate | Low |
| Concentration Matters | Critical | Yes | Critical | Yes |
| Stability | Requires preservation | Degrades easily | Degrades easily | Generally stable |
| Best For | Sensitive skin, gentle anti-aging | Aggressive anti-aging, acne | Brightening, protection | Gentle anti-aging, hydration |
| Noticeable Results | 8-12 weeks | 4-8 weeks | 4-8 weeks | 8-12 weeks |
How Colostrum Differs
Unlike single-ingredient actives, colostrum contains multiple growth factors working synergistically. This mimics how your body naturally coordinates tissue repair, using various signals simultaneously rather than one isolated compound.
The tradeoff is less control over specific outcomes. Retinol has extremely well-documented effects because it's a single molecule studied exhaustively. Colostrum's complexity makes it harder to attribute specific results to specific components.
Combining Colostrum with Other Ingredients
Colostrum works well with:
- Hyaluronic acid (hydration support)
- Natural fats and oils (delivery enhancement)
- Antioxidants (protection while growth factors work)
Potential issues combining with:
- Strong acids (may denature proteins)
- Retinol (both stimulating; could cause irritation)
- Multiple growth factor serums (redundant signaling)
Similar to how tallow moisturizers work with your skin's natural composition, colostrum provides components your body already recognizes and uses. This makes it gentler than synthetic alternatives while still providing measurable benefits.
How to Use Colostrum Skincare Products
Application Timing
Apply colostrum products to clean, dry skin. Growth factors work best when they can bind to cell receptors without competing with other products.
Typical routine order:
- Cleanse
- Apply colostrum serum or cream
- Wait 2-3 minutes for absorption
- Apply other products (if using)
- Finish with sunscreen (morning) or moisturizer (evening)
Morning vs Evening Use
Colostrum can be used twice daily, but many people see good results with once-daily evening application. Cell repair and regeneration peak during sleep, so evening application aligns with your body's natural rhythms.
If using morning and evening, apply before sunscreen in the morning. Growth factors support repair, but sun protection prevents the damage you're trying to repair.
How Much to Use
A pea-sized amount typically covers the face and neck. Colostrum products tend to be concentrated. More doesn't necessarily work better, and you want to avoid overwhelming your skin with excessive protein exposure.
Frequency
Start with every other day for the first week to ensure your skin tolerates colostrum well. If no irritation occurs, move to daily use.
What to Expect Timeline
- Weeks 1-2: Possible increased hydration, smoother texture
- Weeks 4-6: Improved skin tone, reduced appearance of fine lines
- Weeks 8-12: More noticeable improvements in firmness, texture, overall appearance
Growth factors take time to stimulate new collagen production. Unlike fillers that provide instant results, colostrum requires patience for cumulative benefits.
Storage Considerations
Colostrum products containing active growth factors should be:
- Stored in opaque containers (light degrades proteins)
- Kept at cool temperatures (heat denatures proteins)
- Used within stated expiration periods
- Never contaminated with dirty hands or applicators
Some products freeze-dry colostrum for stability, reactivating it when mixed with other ingredients. Others use stabilization technology to preserve growth factors in cream or serum form.
Patch Testing
Despite low irritation potential, patch test any new product. Apply a small amount to your inner forearm for 24-48 hours before facial use. Watch for redness, itching, or other reactions.
People with dairy allergies should be particularly cautious. While colostrum proteins differ from those in regular milk, cross-reactivity is possible.
Sourcing and Quality Considerations
Collection Methods Matter
High-quality colostrum comes from:
- First milking after birth (highest growth factor concentration)
- Grass-fed herds (better nutrient profile)
- Excess colostrum (calves receive adequate amounts first)
- Clean collection practices (prevents contamination)
Poor-quality colostrum might be:
-
Collected after the first 24 hours (lower concentration)
-
From conventional dairy operations
-
Diluted with regular milk
-
Contaminated during collection or processing
Processing Methods
How colostrum is processed affects growth factor preservation.
Low-temperature processing: Preserves heat-sensitive growth factors and immunoglobulins. This is preferred but more expensive.
High-temperature pasteurization: Required for safety but may denature some proteins. Quality manufacturers balance safety with preservation of active components.
Freeze-drying: Removes moisture while preserving proteins. Freeze-dried colostrum is stable and reactivates when mixed with appropriate carriers.
Spray-drying: Uses heat to remove moisture. Faster and cheaper than freeze-drying but potentially more damaging to delicate proteins.
Ask manufacturers about their processing methods. Reputable brands should disclose this information.
Testing and Verification
Quality colostrum products should provide:
- Certificates of analysis showing growth factor content
- Third-party testing results
- Clear sourcing information
- Proper labeling with concentration details
Be skeptical of products that don't specify colostrum concentration or processing methods. "Contains colostrum" might mean 0.1% or 50%. The concentration dramatically affects efficacy.
Growth Factor Standardization
Some manufacturers standardize growth factor content, ensuring consistent concentrations across batches. Look for products listing IGF-1 or total growth factor content in ng/mL or similar measurements.
Non-standardized colostrum varies in potency depending on source, timing, and processing. Standardization provides more predictable results.
Price as Quality Indicator
High-quality colostrum costs significantly more than regular dairy ingredients. If a colostrum product seems remarkably cheap, question:
- How much colostrum it actually contains
- Whether it's from first-milking collection
- How it was processed and preserved
Quality colostrum skincare won't be the cheapest option, but the price should reflect genuine sourcing and processing costs, not just marketing.
Combination Products
Many colostrum skincare products combine colostrum with complementary ingredients. Products pairing colostrum with skin-compatible fats create delivery systems that enhance growth factor stability and absorption while providing multiple skin benefits simultaneously.
When evaluating combination products, check that colostrum appears high on the ingredient list and that other ingredients serve clear purposes (preservation, delivery enhancement, additional skin benefits) rather than just filling space.
Setting Realistic Expectations
Colostrum in skincare has legitimate scientific basis. The growth factors it contains can stimulate cellular processes associated with younger-looking skin. Research shows measurable benefits, particularly for wound healing and modest improvements in photoaging.
However, colostrum isn't a miracle ingredient. It won't:
- Eliminate deep wrinkles
- Replace medical treatments for serious skin conditions
- Work overnight or provide instant results
- Produce the same dramatic effects as invasive procedures
What colostrum can do:
- Support natural repair processes
- Provide gentle anti-aging benefits
- Improve overall skin health and function
- Offer a protein-based alternative to synthetic peptides
- Work well for sensitive skin that reacts to harsher ingredients
The key is choosing quality products from reputable manufacturers who properly source, process, and preserve colostrum's beneficial components. Combined with comprehensive skincare that includes sun protection, hydration, and barrier support, colostrum can be a valuable part of an anti-aging regimen.
Just as choosing between different skincare ingredients requires understanding what each offers, evaluating colostrum products requires looking beyond marketing to actual sourcing, processing, and concentration details.
Ready to explore colostrum-enhanced skincare? Visit Sky and Sol to discover products combining bovine colostrum with other skin-compatible ingredients for comprehensive skin support.